{
 "summary": {
  "study": "skills-and-pay-within-job-zone",
  "verdict": "SURVIVES",
  "H1_headline_skills": {
   "Complex Problem Solving": true,
   "Critical Thinking": true,
   "Judgment and Decision Making": true
  },
  "H2_contrast_skills": {
   "Speaking": true,
   "Social Perceptiveness": true
  },
  "occupations": 732,
  "skills": 35,
  "occupations_per_job_zone": {
   "Job Zone 1-2: Very Little to Some Preparation Needed": 309,
   "Job Zone Three: Medium Preparation Needed": 165,
   "Job Zone Four: Considerable Preparation Needed": 144,
   "Job Zone Five: Extensive Preparation Needed": 114
  },
  "legacy_zone_split_sensitivity": {
   "legacy 30.1 zone 1": 31,
   "legacy 30.1 zone 2": 278,
   "legacy 30.1 zone 3": 165,
   "legacy 30.1 zone 4": 144,
   "legacy 30.1 zone 5": 114
  },
  "job_zone_note": "O*NET 30.2 and later (incl. 31.0) merge Job Zones 1 and 2 into one category, Job Zone 1-2, coded 2; no occupation is coded 1 by design. The 30.1 Job Zones file (last separate Zone 1) is used only for the legacy_zone1_split sensitivity; zones with fewer than 30 study occupations are dropped from any within-zone estimate.",
  "suppressed_skill_estimates_excluded": 0,
  "exclusions": {
   "onet": {
    "onet_specialty_not_.00": 149,
    "no_job_zone": 0,
    "no_bls_detailed_wage": 29
   },
   "bls_rows_total": 1401,
   "bls": {
    "not_detailed_or_not_cross_industry": 571,
    "no_annual_median": 5
   }
  },
  "significant_holm_0_05": 30,
  "sources": {
   "bls_oews_national_may2025": {
    "file": "national_M2025_dl.xlsx",
    "sha256": "852250997ceff9b721ff68f63e877d818f9c1ec8b1b69dd367958faedd5282b2",
    "url": "https://www.bls.gov/oes/tables.htm"
   },
   "onet_31_0": {
    "Essential Skills": "91ef60f7e43231136d08e8234f1624883a0ee7b951510d11851c693a2f8edea9",
    "Transferable Skills": "7bb190ea7e58192ebd024a6775684b1d3b0216f45194669f0bf5854b2fac6596",
    "Job Zones": "1112ff4c077817fe650b28c65bfe30cc1436b92f96e7922fc903f05da83bc216",
    "Job Zone Reference": "c2b8d5e13d4fc681518197175e9274946bf5653895e388ee38c1803295f39ff5",
    "Occupation Data": "63e6029d3d30ff5c7cf39b5304a733b77a409e01c65ae7095fe92f6d18d74a66"
   },
   "onet_30_1_job_zones_legacy": {
    "sha256": "7b13748f1d880dbbc6bd2a5f91bd457492f82c3f3bf9bd64909e73f600cd5fba",
    "url": "https://www.onetcenter.org/dl_files/database/db_30_1_text/Job%20Zones.txt"
   },
   "onet_url": "https://www.onetcenter.org/database.html"
  },
  "seed": 36,
  "bootstrap": 2000,
  "permutations": 5000
 },
 "results": [
  {
   "skill": "Complex Problem Solving",
   "n": 732,
   "raw_spearman": 0.778,
   "within_zone_spearman": 0.482,
   "ci95": [
    0.42,
    0.536
   ],
   "p_perm": 0.0001999600079984003,
   "sensitivity": {
    "pearson_log": 0.493,
    "employment_weighted": 0.55,
    "legacy_zone1_split": 0.472,
    "trimmed_1_99": 0.47,
    "drop_10_high_leverage": 0.461,
    "wage_mean": 0.476,
    "wage_p25": 0.484,
    "wage_p75": 0.47
   },
   "p_holm": 0.007
  },
  {
   "skill": "Critical Thinking",
   "n": 732,
   "raw_spearman": 0.78,
   "within_zone_spearman": 0.467,
   "ci95": [
    0.403,
    0.522
   ],
   "p_perm": 0.0001999600079984003,
   "sensitivity": {
    "pearson_log": 0.486,
    "employment_weighted": 0.531,
    "legacy_zone1_split": 0.452,
    "trimmed_1_99": 0.446,
    "drop_10_high_leverage": 0.451,
    "wage_mean": 0.469,
    "wage_p25": 0.467,
    "wage_p75": 0.459
   },
   "p_holm": 0.007
  },
  {
   "skill": "Judgment and Decision Making",
   "n": 732,
   "raw_spearman": 0.772,
   "within_zone_spearman": 0.463,
   "ci95": [
    0.399,
    0.516
   ],
   "p_perm": 0.0001999600079984003,
   "sensitivity": {
    "pearson_log": 0.474,
    "employment_weighted": 0.571,
    "legacy_zone1_split": 0.452,
    "trimmed_1_99": 0.448,
    "drop_10_high_leverage": 0.44,
    "wage_mean": 0.465,
    "wage_p25": 0.448,
    "wage_p75": 0.462
   },
   "p_holm": 0.007
  },
  {
   "skill": "Operations Monitoring",
   "n": 732,
   "raw_spearman": -0.091,
   "within_zone_spearman": 0.411,
   "ci95": [
    0.343,
    0.469
   ],
   "p_perm": 0.0001999600079984003,
   "sensitivity": {
    "pearson_log": 0.429,
    "employment_weighted": 0.434,
    "legacy_zone1_split": 0.411,
    "trimmed_1_99": 0.383,
    "drop_10_high_leverage": 0.388,
    "wage_mean": 0.365,
    "wage_p25": 0.44,
    "wage_p75": 0.363
   },
   "p_holm": 0.007
  },
  {
   "skill": "Systems Analysis",
   "n": 732,
   "raw_spearman": 0.741,
   "within_zone_spearman": 0.401,
   "ci95": [
    0.335,
    0.463
   ],
   "p_perm": 0.0001999600079984003,
   "sensitivity": {
    "pearson_log": 0.405,
    "employment_weighted": 0.527,
    "legacy_zone1_split": 0.387,
    "trimmed_1_99": 0.402,
    "drop_10_high_leverage": 0.383,
    "wage_mean": 0.395,
    "wage_p25": 0.411,
    "wage_p75": 0.392
   },
   "p_holm": 0.007
  },
  {
   "skill": "Systems Evaluation",
   "n": 732,
   "raw_spearman": 0.733,
   "within_zone_spearman": 0.375,
   "ci95": [
    0.307,
    0.435
   ],
   "p_perm": 0.0001999600079984003,
   "sensitivity": {
    "pearson_log": 0.384,
    "employment_weighted": 0.493,
    "legacy_zone1_split": 0.36,
    "trimmed_1_99": 0.38,
    "drop_10_high_leverage": 0.356,
    "wage_mean": 0.371,
    "wage_p25": 0.378,
    "wage_p75": 0.368
   },
   "p_holm": 0.007
  },
  {
   "skill": "Troubleshooting",
   "n": 732,
   "raw_spearman": -0.127,
   "within_zone_spearman": 0.367,
   "ci95": [
    0.301,
    0.426
   ],
   "p_perm": 0.0001999600079984003,
   "sensitivity": {
    "pearson_log": 0.346,
    "employment_weighted": 0.4,
    "legacy_zone1_split": 0.37,
    "trimmed_1_99": 0.339,
    "drop_10_high_leverage": 0.352,
    "wage_mean": 0.325,
    "wage_p25": 0.39,
    "wage_p75": 0.324
   },
   "p_holm": 0.007
  },
  {
   "skill": "Quality Control Analysis",
   "n": 732,
   "raw_spearman": 0.003,
   "within_zone_spearman": 0.353,
   "ci95": [
    0.287,
    0.413
   ],
   "p_perm": 0.0001999600079984003,
   "sensitivity": {
    "pearson_log": 0.336,
    "employment_weighted": 0.4,
    "legacy_zone1_split": 0.351,
    "trimmed_1_99": 0.325,
    "drop_10_high_leverage": 0.337,
    "wage_mean": 0.312,
    "wage_p25": 0.371,
    "wage_p75": 0.314
   },
   "p_holm": 0.007
  },
  {
   "skill": "Science",
   "n": 732,
   "raw_spearman": 0.578,
   "within_zone_spearman": 0.348,
   "ci95": [
    0.278,
    0.412
   ],
   "p_perm": 0.0001999600079984003,
   "sensitivity": {
    "pearson_log": 0.321,
    "employment_weighted": 0.255,
    "legacy_zone1_split": 0.342,
    "trimmed_1_99": 0.333,
    "drop_10_high_leverage": 0.332,
    "wage_mean": 0.31,
    "wage_p25": 0.383,
    "wage_p75": 0.295
   },
   "p_holm": 0.007
  },
  {
   "skill": "Operations Analysis",
   "n": 732,
   "raw_spearman": 0.605,
   "within_zone_spearman": 0.332,
   "ci95": [
    0.259,
    0.398
   ],
   "p_perm": 0.0001999600079984003,
   "sensitivity": {
    "pearson_log": 0.308,
    "employment_weighted": 0.496,
    "legacy_zone1_split": 0.322,
    "trimmed_1_99": 0.331,
    "drop_10_high_leverage": 0.308,
    "wage_mean": 0.335,
    "wage_p25": 0.317,
    "wage_p75": 0.337
   },
   "p_holm": 0.007
  },
  {
   "skill": "Operation and Control",
   "n": 732,
   "raw_spearman": -0.209,
   "within_zone_spearman": 0.327,
   "ci95": [
    0.259,
    0.393
   ],
   "p_perm": 0.0001999600079984003,
   "sensitivity": {
    "pearson_log": 0.356,
    "employment_weighted": 0.346,
    "legacy_zone1_split": 0.331,
    "trimmed_1_99": 0.294,
    "drop_10_high_leverage": 0.311,
    "wage_mean": 0.295,
    "wage_p25": 0.355,
    "wage_p75": 0.289
   },
   "p_holm": 0.007
  },
  {
   "skill": "Management of Personnel Resources",
   "n": 732,
   "raw_spearman": 0.586,
   "within_zone_spearman": 0.316,
   "ci95": [
    0.247,
    0.383
   ],
   "p_perm": 0.0001999600079984003,
   "sensitivity": {
    "pearson_log": 0.333,
    "employment_weighted": 0.36,
    "legacy_zone1_split": 0.31,
    "trimmed_1_99": 0.295,
    "drop_10_high_leverage": 0.298,
    "wage_mean": 0.321,
    "wage_p25": 0.31,
    "wage_p75": 0.311
   },
   "p_holm": 0.007
  },
  {
   "skill": "Mathematics",
   "n": 732,
   "raw_spearman": 0.53,
   "within_zone_spearman": 0.315,
   "ci95": [
    0.246,
    0.381
   ],
   "p_perm": 0.0001999600079984003,
   "sensitivity": {
    "pearson_log": 0.277,
    "employment_weighted": 0.292,
    "legacy_zone1_split": 0.295,
    "trimmed_1_99": 0.312,
    "drop_10_high_leverage": 0.296,
    "wage_mean": 0.297,
    "wage_p25": 0.331,
    "wage_p75": 0.294
   },
   "p_holm": 0.007
  },
  {
   "skill": "Monitoring",
   "n": 732,
   "raw_spearman": 0.545,
   "within_zone_spearman": 0.312,
   "ci95": [
    0.239,
    0.379
   ],
   "p_perm": 0.0001999600079984003,
   "sensitivity": {
    "pearson_log": 0.33,
    "employment_weighted": 0.381,
    "legacy_zone1_split": 0.295,
    "trimmed_1_99": 0.298,
    "drop_10_high_leverage": 0.294,
    "wage_mean": 0.303,
    "wage_p25": 0.321,
    "wage_p75": 0.295
   },
   "p_holm": 0.007
  },
  {
   "skill": "Active Learning",
   "n": 732,
   "raw_spearman": 0.727,
   "within_zone_spearman": 0.289,
   "ci95": [
    0.218,
    0.356
   ],
   "p_perm": 0.0001999600079984003,
   "sensitivity": {
    "pearson_log": 0.298,
    "employment_weighted": 0.355,
    "legacy_zone1_split": 0.273,
    "trimmed_1_99": 0.288,
    "drop_10_high_leverage": 0.277,
    "wage_mean": 0.307,
    "wage_p25": 0.283,
    "wage_p75": 0.294
   },
   "p_holm": 0.007
  },
  {
   "skill": "Equipment Selection",
   "n": 732,
   "raw_spearman": -0.116,
   "within_zone_spearman": 0.282,
   "ci95": [
    0.216,
    0.346
   ],
   "p_perm": 0.0001999600079984003,
   "sensitivity": {
    "pearson_log": 0.269,
    "employment_weighted": 0.331,
    "legacy_zone1_split": 0.284,
    "trimmed_1_99": 0.255,
    "drop_10_high_leverage": 0.273,
    "wage_mean": 0.257,
    "wage_p25": 0.303,
    "wage_p75": 0.253
   },
   "p_holm": 0.007
  },
  {
   "skill": "Time Management",
   "n": 732,
   "raw_spearman": 0.555,
   "within_zone_spearman": 0.279,
   "ci95": [
    0.208,
    0.344
   ],
   "p_perm": 0.0001999600079984003,
   "sensitivity": {
    "pearson_log": 0.319,
    "employment_weighted": 0.48,
    "legacy_zone1_split": 0.266,
    "trimmed_1_99": 0.252,
    "drop_10_high_leverage": 0.26,
    "wage_mean": 0.292,
    "wage_p25": 0.269,
    "wage_p75": 0.284
   },
   "p_holm": 0.007
  },
  {
   "skill": "Equipment Maintenance",
   "n": 732,
   "raw_spearman": -0.198,
   "within_zone_spearman": 0.275,
   "ci95": [
    0.205,
    0.34
   ],
   "p_perm": 0.0001999600079984003,
   "sensitivity": {
    "pearson_log": 0.256,
    "employment_weighted": 0.33,
    "legacy_zone1_split": 0.277,
    "trimmed_1_99": 0.251,
    "drop_10_high_leverage": 0.252,
    "wage_mean": 0.251,
    "wage_p25": 0.298,
    "wage_p75": 0.249
   },
   "p_holm": 0.007
  },
  {
   "skill": "Repairing",
   "n": 732,
   "raw_spearman": -0.179,
   "within_zone_spearman": 0.269,
   "ci95": [
    0.198,
    0.336
   ],
   "p_perm": 0.0001999600079984003,
   "sensitivity": {
    "pearson_log": 0.238,
    "employment_weighted": 0.323,
    "legacy_zone1_split": 0.271,
    "trimmed_1_99": 0.244,
    "drop_10_high_leverage": 0.247,
    "wage_mean": 0.238,
    "wage_p25": 0.292,
    "wage_p75": 0.238
   },
   "p_holm": 0.007
  },
  {
   "skill": "Technology Design",
   "n": 732,
   "raw_spearman": 0.404,
   "within_zone_spearman": 0.26,
   "ci95": [
    0.189,
    0.331
   ],
   "p_perm": 0.0001999600079984003,
   "sensitivity": {
    "pearson_log": 0.251,
    "employment_weighted": 0.298,
    "legacy_zone1_split": 0.246,
    "trimmed_1_99": 0.241,
    "drop_10_high_leverage": 0.241,
    "wage_mean": 0.241,
    "wage_p25": 0.266,
    "wage_p75": 0.239
   },
   "p_holm": 0.007
  },
  {
   "skill": "Management of Financial Resources",
   "n": 732,
   "raw_spearman": 0.435,
   "within_zone_spearman": 0.244,
   "ci95": [
    0.169,
    0.313
   ],
   "p_perm": 0.0001999600079984003,
   "sensitivity": {
    "pearson_log": 0.267,
    "employment_weighted": 0.325,
    "legacy_zone1_split": 0.231,
    "trimmed_1_99": 0.221,
    "drop_10_high_leverage": 0.22,
    "wage_mean": 0.243,
    "wage_p25": 0.225,
    "wage_p75": 0.239
   },
   "p_holm": 0.007
  },
  {
   "skill": "Installation",
   "n": 732,
   "raw_spearman": -0.068,
   "within_zone_spearman": 0.243,
   "ci95": [
    0.174,
    0.304
   ],
   "p_perm": 0.0001999600079984003,
   "sensitivity": {
    "pearson_log": 0.164,
    "employment_weighted": 0.31,
    "legacy_zone1_split": 0.24,
    "trimmed_1_99": 0.232,
    "drop_10_high_leverage": 0.226,
    "wage_mean": 0.225,
    "wage_p25": 0.261,
    "wage_p75": 0.223
   },
   "p_holm": 0.007
  },
  {
   "skill": "Management of Material Resources",
   "n": 732,
   "raw_spearman": 0.36,
   "within_zone_spearman": 0.237,
   "ci95": [
    0.163,
    0.306
   ],
   "p_perm": 0.0001999600079984003,
   "sensitivity": {
    "pearson_log": 0.251,
    "employment_weighted": 0.324,
    "legacy_zone1_split": 0.226,
    "trimmed_1_99": 0.21,
    "drop_10_high_leverage": 0.214,
    "wage_mean": 0.224,
    "wage_p25": 0.233,
    "wage_p75": 0.219
   },
   "p_holm": 0.007
  },
  {
   "skill": "Programming",
   "n": 732,
   "raw_spearman": 0.538,
   "within_zone_spearman": 0.23,
   "ci95": [
    0.161,
    0.296
   ],
   "p_perm": 0.0001999600079984003,
   "sensitivity": {
    "pearson_log": 0.23,
    "employment_weighted": 0.298,
    "legacy_zone1_split": 0.206,
    "trimmed_1_99": 0.221,
    "drop_10_high_leverage": 0.206,
    "wage_mean": 0.211,
    "wage_p25": 0.239,
    "wage_p75": 0.217
   },
   "p_holm": 0.007
  },
  {
   "skill": "Reading Comprehension",
   "n": 732,
   "raw_spearman": 0.697,
   "within_zone_spearman": 0.215,
   "ci95": [
    0.14,
    0.281
   ],
   "p_perm": 0.0001999600079984003,
   "sensitivity": {
    "pearson_log": 0.211,
    "employment_weighted": 0.411,
    "legacy_zone1_split": 0.186,
    "trimmed_1_99": 0.205,
    "drop_10_high_leverage": 0.199,
    "wage_mean": 0.223,
    "wage_p25": 0.215,
    "wage_p75": 0.215
   },
   "p_holm": 0.007
  },
  {
   "skill": "Coordination",
   "n": 732,
   "raw_spearman": 0.484,
   "within_zone_spearman": 0.187,
   "ci95": [
    0.118,
    0.254
   ],
   "p_perm": 0.0001999600079984003,
   "sensitivity": {
    "pearson_log": 0.216,
    "employment_weighted": 0.168,
    "legacy_zone1_split": 0.174,
    "trimmed_1_99": 0.186,
    "drop_10_high_leverage": 0.166,
    "wage_mean": 0.199,
    "wage_p25": 0.185,
    "wage_p75": 0.189
   },
   "p_holm": 0.007
  },
  {
   "skill": "Writing",
   "n": 732,
   "raw_spearman": 0.689,
   "within_zone_spearman": 0.175,
   "ci95": [
    0.1,
    0.246
   ],
   "p_perm": 0.0001999600079984003,
   "sensitivity": {
    "pearson_log": 0.167,
    "employment_weighted": 0.316,
    "legacy_zone1_split": 0.153,
    "trimmed_1_99": 0.167,
    "drop_10_high_leverage": 0.157,
    "wage_mean": 0.175,
    "wage_p25": 0.174,
    "wage_p75": 0.168
   },
   "p_holm": 0.007
  },
  {
   "skill": "Learning Strategies",
   "n": 732,
   "raw_spearman": 0.628,
   "within_zone_spearman": 0.149,
   "ci95": [
    0.075,
    0.225
   ],
   "p_perm": 0.0001999600079984003,
   "sensitivity": {
    "pearson_log": 0.126,
    "employment_weighted": 0.163,
    "legacy_zone1_split": 0.136,
    "trimmed_1_99": 0.156,
    "drop_10_high_leverage": 0.136,
    "wage_mean": 0.153,
    "wage_p25": 0.153,
    "wage_p75": 0.147
   },
   "p_holm": 0.007
  },
  {
   "skill": "Instructing",
   "n": 732,
   "raw_spearman": 0.583,
   "within_zone_spearman": 0.136,
   "ci95": [
    0.067,
    0.207
   ],
   "p_perm": 0.0003999200159968006,
   "sensitivity": {
    "pearson_log": 0.091,
    "employment_weighted": 0.09,
    "legacy_zone1_split": 0.127,
    "trimmed_1_99": 0.14,
    "drop_10_high_leverage": 0.121,
    "wage_mean": 0.141,
    "wage_p25": 0.138,
    "wage_p75": 0.135
   },
   "p_holm": 0.007
  },
  {
   "skill": "Negotiation",
   "n": 732,
   "raw_spearman": 0.481,
   "within_zone_spearman": 0.084,
   "ci95": [
    0.009,
    0.155
   ],
   "p_perm": 0.021995600879824034,
   "sensitivity": {
    "pearson_log": 0.112,
    "employment_weighted": 0.201,
    "legacy_zone1_split": 0.074,
    "trimmed_1_99": 0.082,
    "drop_10_high_leverage": 0.07,
    "wage_mean": 0.113,
    "wage_p25": 0.063,
    "wage_p75": 0.112
   },
   "p_holm": 0.10998
  },
  {
   "skill": "Persuasion",
   "n": 732,
   "raw_spearman": 0.501,
   "within_zone_spearman": 0.084,
   "ci95": [
    0.012,
    0.154
   ],
   "p_perm": 0.023195360927814438,
   "sensitivity": {
    "pearson_log": 0.115,
    "employment_weighted": 0.16,
    "legacy_zone1_split": 0.071,
    "trimmed_1_99": 0.089,
    "drop_10_high_leverage": 0.078,
    "wage_mean": 0.123,
    "wage_p25": 0.055,
    "wage_p75": 0.12
   },
   "p_holm": 0.10998
  },
  {
   "skill": "Active Listening",
   "n": 732,
   "raw_spearman": 0.586,
   "within_zone_spearman": 0.076,
   "ci95": [
    -0.001,
    0.147
   ],
   "p_perm": 0.047390521895620874,
   "sensitivity": {
    "pearson_log": 0.112,
    "employment_weighted": 0.143,
    "legacy_zone1_split": 0.054,
    "trimmed_1_99": 0.078,
    "drop_10_high_leverage": 0.062,
    "wage_mean": 0.101,
    "wage_p25": 0.064,
    "wage_p75": 0.095
   },
   "p_holm": 0.14217
  },
  {
   "skill": "Speaking",
   "n": 732,
   "raw_spearman": 0.563,
   "within_zone_spearman": 0.007,
   "ci95": [
    -0.061,
    0.083
   ],
   "p_perm": 0.8608278344331134,
   "sensitivity": {
    "pearson_log": 0.052,
    "employment_weighted": 0.146,
    "legacy_zone1_split": -0.019,
    "trimmed_1_99": 0.019,
    "drop_10_high_leverage": -0.016,
    "wage_mean": 0.041,
    "wage_p25": -0.01,
    "wage_p75": 0.035
   },
   "p_holm": 0.86083
  },
  {
   "skill": "Social Perceptiveness",
   "n": 732,
   "raw_spearman": 0.409,
   "within_zone_spearman": -0.044,
   "ci95": [
    -0.12,
    0.035
   ],
   "p_perm": 0.23275344931013797,
   "sensitivity": {
    "pearson_log": 0.034,
    "employment_weighted": -0.028,
    "legacy_zone1_split": -0.06,
    "trimmed_1_99": -0.045,
    "drop_10_high_leverage": -0.07,
    "wage_mean": -0.017,
    "wage_p25": -0.051,
    "wage_p75": -0.023
   },
   "p_holm": 0.46551
  },
  {
   "skill": "Service Orientation",
   "n": 732,
   "raw_spearman": 0.203,
   "within_zone_spearman": -0.148,
   "ci95": [
    -0.221,
    -0.074
   ],
   "p_perm": 0.0003999200159968006,
   "sensitivity": {
    "pearson_log": -0.108,
    "employment_weighted": -0.128,
    "legacy_zone1_split": -0.163,
    "trimmed_1_99": -0.145,
    "drop_10_high_leverage": -0.155,
    "wage_mean": -0.135,
    "wage_p25": -0.152,
    "wage_p75": -0.135
   },
   "p_holm": 0.007
  }
 ]
}